{"id":327,"date":"2021-12-10T10:49:06","date_gmt":"2021-12-10T10:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zerotobyte.com\/?p=327"},"modified":"2021-12-20T15:23:29","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T15:23:29","slug":"5-ways-to-delete-file-in-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zerotobyte.com\/5-ways-to-delete-file-in-python\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Ways to Delete File in Python"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Python delete file methods are used considering that we frequently need to manipulate files. Deleting files in all programming languages, including Python, is one of the basic operations that often give developers headaches due to their \u201cdangerous\u201d effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Removing files without a good understanding of built-in functions, methods, and libraries can create a lot of problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As so, you can delete entire directories, files, and important data. Therefore, it <strong>is necessary to know all the methods<\/strong> and their actions to avoid such things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The easiest way to delete a file in Python is to use:<\/strong><br><code class=\"inline-code-style\">os.remove(file_path)<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Import the os module built into Python<\/strong>, then use the <code class=\"inline-code-style\">remove<\/code>, to which we pass the path to the file we want to delete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to this method, <strong>there are several ways to delete a file,<\/strong> in this blog post we will go through 5 methods:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><code class=\"inline-code-style\">os.remove<\/code><\/li><li><code class=\"inline-code-style\">os.rmdir<\/code><\/li><li><code class=\"inline-code-style\">shutil.rmtree<\/code><\/li><li><code class=\"inline-code-style\">pathlib.Path.unlink<\/code><\/li><li><code class=\"inline-code-style\">pathlib.Path.rmdir<\/code><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>os.remove<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>os.rmdir<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>shutil.rmtree<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>pathlib.Path.unlink<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>pathlib.Path.rmdir<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Path to file<\/strong><\/td><td>Success<\/td><td>NotADirectoryError<\/td><td>NotADirectoryError<\/td><td>Success<\/td><td>NotADirectoryError<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Path to an empty directory<\/strong><\/td><td>IsADirectoryError<\/td><td>Success<\/td><td>Success<\/td><td>IsADirectoryError<\/td><td>Success<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Path to non-empty directory<\/strong><\/td><td>IsADirectoryError<\/td><td>OSError<\/td><td>Success<\/td><td>IsADirectoryError<\/td><td>OSError<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Nonexistent path<\/strong><\/td><td>FileNotFoundError<\/td><td>FileNotFoundError<\/td><td>FileNotFoundError<\/td><td>FileNotFoundError<\/td><td>FileNotFoundError<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\">Possible errors:\n\n<li><strong>FileNotFoundError<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IsADirectoryError<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>NotADirectoryError<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>OSError<\/strong><\/li><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>We will first process the methods that belong to the Python os module.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Delete file in Python using os module methods <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Python os module is an operating system interface for using os functionalities. <\/strong>You can manipulate files, paths, directories, and much more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We will focus directly on the methods by which we can delete a file or an entire directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Remove method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code class=\"inline-code-style\">os.remove(path, *, dir_fd=None)<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>path<\/strong><ul><li>file path<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>dir_fd<\/strong><ul><li>paths relative to directory descriptors<\/li><li>default is None<\/li><li>if not None, the path is relative to a given directory<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s dive into examples!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">import os\n\nos.remove('file.txt')\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If the path does not exist:<\/strong> <code class=\"inline-code-style\">FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'file.txt'<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If we try to delete a directory: <\/strong><code class=\"inline-code-style\">IsADirectoryError: [Errno 21] Is a directory: 'dir'<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rmdir method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code class=\"inline-code-style\">os.rmdir(path, *, dir_fd=None)<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>path<\/strong><ul><li>file path<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>dir_fd<\/strong><ul><li>paths relative to directory descriptors<\/li><li>default is None<\/li><li>if not None, the path is relative to a given directory<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">import os\n\nos.rmdir('dir')\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>os.rmdir returns <strong>None<\/strong> if successfully deleted directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike the remove method, <strong>rmdir cannot delete files<\/strong>, so if the directory is not empty it will come to <code class=\"inline-code-style\">OSError: [Errno 39] Directory not empty: 'dir'<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If we try to delete a file:<\/strong> <code class=\"inline-code-style\">NotADirectoryError: [Errno 20] Not a directory: 'file.txt'<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If the directory does not exist:<\/strong> <code class=\"inline-code-style\">FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'dir'<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/os.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Official os documentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Delete File in Python using shutil module method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shutil module works and it\u2019s built at a higher level than the os module. Each shutil function call can represent multiple calls at a lower level. <strong>Shutil module is used for file management.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rmtree method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Removes entire directory tree.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code class=\"inline-code-style\">shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None)<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>path<\/strong><ul><li>file path<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>ignore_errors<\/strong><ul><li>defaults False<\/li><li>if True error will be ignored<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>oneerror<\/strong><ul><li>defaults None<\/li><li>handler for errors <ul><li>function that gets 3 arguments ( function, path, and excinfo )<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">import shutil\n\nshutil.rmtree('dir')\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Rmtree receives a path to the directory, but unlike rmdir, it will delete a directory regardless of whether it is empty or full.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If the path does not exist:<\/strong> <code class=\"inline-code-style\">FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'dir'<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If we try to delete the file:<\/strong> <code class=\"inline-code-style\">NotADirectoryError: [Errno 20] Not a directory: 'file'<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">import os\nimport shutil\nimport stat\n\ndef remove_file(func, path, _):\n    \"\"\"If file can\u2019t be deleted, change file permissions and call function once again\"\"\"\n\n    if not os.access(path, os.W_OK):\n       os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWUSR)\n       func(path)\n\n\nshutil.rmtree('file', onerror=remove_file)\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is shown usage of <code class=\"inline-code-style\">oneerror<\/code> argument where we pass <strong>remove_file<\/strong> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We check if we have Write permissions, if not we give it to the user and call the function once again to delete the file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more advanced usages check <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/shutil.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">official shutil documentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Delete File in Python using pathlib module methods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pathlib allows file management on different operating systems.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Several classes represent Paths on different operating systems. Here we will focus on the most used class of this module and that is the Path class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unlink method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code class=\"inline-code-style\">Path.unlink(missing_ok=False)<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>missing _ok<\/strong><ul><li>defaults False<\/li><li><code class=\"inline-code-style\">FileNotFoundError<\/code> will appear if the path does not exist and the flag is set to True <\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">from pathlib import Path\n\npath = Path('file.txt')\npath.unlink()\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If the path does not exist:<\/strong> <code class=\"inline-code-style\">FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'file.txt'<\/code>. This is avoided by setting the <code class=\"inline-code-style\">missing_ok=True<\/code> flag, in which case the error is ignored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If we try to delete the directory:<\/strong> <code class=\"inline-code-style\">IsADirectoryError: [Errno 21] Is a directory: 'dir'<\/code> error (regardless of the flag).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rmdir method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code class=\"inline-code-style\">Path.rmdir()<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doesn\u2019t take any arguments, deletes the given path.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">from pathlib import Path\n\npath = Path('dir')\npath.rmdir()\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Similar to the previous example, over the object we call the rmdir method. But like other methods, we come to similar results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If a directory is not empty:<\/strong> <code class=\"inline-code-style\">OSError: [Errno 39] Directory not empty: 'dir'<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If we try to delete the file:<\/strong> <code class=\"inline-code-style\">NotADirectoryError: [Errno 20] Not a directory: 'file.txt'<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/pathlib.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Official pathlib documentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tips for deleting files in Python<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Before deleting, <strong>check if the file exists <\/strong>(to prevent possible errors)<ul><li><code class=\"inline-code-style\">os.path.isfile(file_path)<\/code><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Use carefully <code class=\"inline-code-style\">shutil.rmtree<\/code><\/li><li>To recursively delete directories, use <code class=\"inline-code-style\">os.removedirs(dir)<\/code><\/li><li>Deleting files on Windows and Linux is not the same thing !!<\/li><li><code class=\"inline-code-style\">os.remove<\/code> equals <code class=\"inline-code-style\">os.unlink<\/code><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Python delete file methods are used considering that we frequently need to manipulate files. 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